<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
Training Syllabus content has been updated:
<h2>Update By:</h2>
Noss, John
<h2>Description of Changes</h2>
<h2>Old Content</h2>
<table border="1" bgcolor="#e8e8e8">
<h1>Lesson 3e - Turns to a Heading</h1>
<h2>Lesson Objective</h2>
<p>The student will learn the procedures for turning out on a heading. The student will also learn the different types of error with a magnetic compass.</p>
<h2>Regulatory Requirement</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pre-solo:</strong> This is not required for solo</li>
<li><strong>Private Pilot</strong>: Private Pilot <a href="https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_standards##Pilots" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Practical Test Standard</a> VII-B</li>
</ul>
<h2>Content</h2>
<ul>
<li>The candidate will clear the area before turning.</li>
<li>The student will be able to turn to any heading described by the instructor, such as 000, 090, 180, 270.</li>
<li>Magnetic deviation (the compass in the aircraft is deviant)</li>
<li>Magnetic variation (the variation varies from place to place)</li>
<li>Compass acceleration error (ANDS)
<ul>
<li>Accelerate -> North</li>
<li>Decelerate -> South</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>...and turning error (UNOS)
<ul>
<li>Undershoot for Northerly headings</li>
<li>Overshoot for Southerly headings.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>relationship of turning error to latitude.</li>
<li>the use of a compass card</li>
</ul>
<h2>Completion Standards</h2>
<p>The student must be able to perform:</p>
<ul>
<li>Turns to any desired heading specified by the instructor</li>
</ul>
<p>The student must be able to: </p>
<ul>
<li>explain compass dip error</li>
<li>explain turning error</li>
<li>show differences between magnetic deviation and variation</li>
<li>identify magnetic variation on an aeronautical sectional</li>
<li>explain when the magnetic compass displays the correct heading</li>
</ul>
<h2>Prerequisite Study</h2>
<ul>
<li><u><a href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/glider_handbook/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Glider Flying Handbook (2013)</a></u>, <a href="https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/glider_handbook/gfh_ch04.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chapter 4</a>, page 4-16</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/glider_handbook/">Glider Flying Handbook (2013)</a>, <a href="https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/glider_handbook/gfh_ch07.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chapter 7</a>, page 7-28 "Turns"</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/phak" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge</a> (2016), <a href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/phak/media/10_phak_ch8.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chapter 8</a>, page 8-23, Magnetic Compass</li>
</ul>
<h2>Further Study</h2>
<ul>
<li>National Geophysical Data Center's <a href="http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/historical_declination/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">world map of magnetic declination</a> (variation)</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
</table>
<h2>New Content</h2>
<table border="1" bgcolor="#e8e8e8">
<h1>Lesson 3e - Turns to a Heading</h1>
<h2>Lesson Objective</h2>
<p>The student will learn the procedures for turning out on a heading. The student will also learn the different types of error with a magnetic compass.</p>
<h2>Regulatory Requirement</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pre-solo:</strong> This is not required for solo</li>
<li><strong>Private Pilot</strong>: Private Pilot <a href="https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_standards##Pilots" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Practical Test Standard</a> VII-B</li>
</ul>
<h2>Content</h2>
<ul>
<li>The candidate will clear the area before turning.</li>
<li>The student will be able to turn to any heading described by the instructor, such as 000, 090, 180, 270.</li>
<li>Magnetic deviation (the compass in the aircraft is deviant)</li>
<li>Magnetic variation (the variation varies from place to place)</li>
<li>Compass acceleration error (ANDS)
<ul>
<li>Accelerate -> North</li>
<li>Decelerate -> South</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>...and turning error (UNOS)
<ul>
<li>Undershoot for Northerly headings</li>
<li>Overshoot for Southerly headings.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>relationship of turning error to latitude.</li>
<li>the use of a compass card</li>
</ul>
<h2>Completion Standards</h2>
<p>The student must be able to perform:</p>
<ul>
<li>Turns to any desired heading specified by the instructor</li>
</ul>
<p>The student must be able to: </p>
<ul>
<li>explain compass dip error</li>
<li>explain turning error</li>
<li>show differences between magnetic deviation and variation</li>
<li>identify magnetic variation on an aeronautical sectional</li>
<li>explain when the magnetic compass displays the correct heading</li>
</ul>
<h2>Prerequisite Study</h2>
<ul>
<li><u><a href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/glider_handbook/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Glider Flying Handbook (2024)</a></u>, <a href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/glider_handbook/gfh_chapter_4.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chapter 4</a>, page 4-18</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/glider_handbook/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Glider Flying Handbook (2024)</a>, <a href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/glider_handbook/gfh_chapter_7.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chapter 7</a>, page 7-44 </li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/phak" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge</a> (2023), <a href="https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/10_phak_ch8.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chapter 8</a>, page 8-23 through 8-27 , <em>Magnetic Compass</em></li>
</ul>
<h2>Further Study</h2>
<ul>
<li>National Geophysical Data Center's <a href="http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/historical_declination/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">world map of magnetic declination</a> (variation)</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
</table>
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