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Training Syllabus content has been updated:
<h2>Update By:</h2>
Noss, John
<h2>Description of Changes</h2>
<h2>Old Content</h2>
<table border="1" bgcolor="#e8e8e8">
<h1>Lesson 4a - Collision, Wind Shear & Wake Turbulence Avoidance</h1>
<h2>Lesson Objective</h2>
<p>The student will review scanning techniques. The student will learn of the hazards of wind shear; the student will learn the hazards of wake turbulence.</p>
<h2>Regulatory Requirement</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=389e6e836f725e72e90b07fe197b2326&rgn=div8&view=text&node=14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.4&idno=14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">§61.87(i)(6)</a></li>
<li>Private Pilot <a href="https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_standards##Pilots" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Practical Test Standard</a> IV-G</li>
</ul>
<h2>Content</h2>
<ul>
<li>Wake Turbulence Generation, Strength, Behavior, Problem Areas and Avoidance</li>
<li>Wind Shear, definition and impact on aircraft performance (especially on final!)</li>
<li>Collision avoidance, see and be seen.</li>
<li>Review scanning techniques <a href="https://members.skylinesoaring.org/TRAINING/Syllabus/2b.shtml" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lesson 2b</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Completion Standards</h2>
<p>The student must be able to perform:</p>
<ul>
<li>Appropriate scanning techniques throughout every flight</li>
<li>Appropriate situational awareness of windshear and wake turbulence</li>
</ul>
<p>The student must be able to explain:</p>
<ul>
<li>Risk factors in midair collisions (especially as related to gliders)</li>
<li>Collision avoidance technology</li>
<li>the factors that create wake turbulence</li>
<li>the factors that create the strongest wake turbulence</li>
<li>how to avoid wake turbulence</li>
<li>what wind shear is, and how it relates to aircraft performance.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Prerequisite Study</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.soaringsafety.org/presentations/FIRC/Collision 0X0P+0voidance-09.ppt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Collision Avoidance in Gliders, SSF</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_90-48D.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Advisory Circular AC 90-48D</a> Pilots' Role in Collision Avoidance</li>
<li>Aeronautical Information Manual
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_1.html#$paragraph7-1-22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-1-22</span></a> Wind Shear PIREPS</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-1</span></a> Wake Turbulence -- General</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-2</span></a> Vortex Generation</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-3</span></a> Vortex Strength</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-4</span></a> Vortex Behavior</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-5</span></a> Operational Problem Areas</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-6</span></a> Vortex Avoidance Procedures</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Recommended Study</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.soaringsafety.org/presentations/FIRC-12/flight%20maneuvers 5606088723f0df" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flight Maneuvers</a>, Soaring Safety Foundation -- Describes the effect of wind and wind shear on a final approach.</li>
<li>Accident analysis of a wake-turbulence event (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXlv16ETueU&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>)</li>
<li>747 landing into fog, showing wingtip vorticies (<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZkggFzAtEc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>)</li>
<li>Need-to-know information on <a title="helicopter wake turbulence" href="https://mentorlive.site/program/65.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">helicopter wake turbulence</a> </li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
</table>
<h2>New Content</h2>
<table border="1" bgcolor="#e8e8e8">
<h1>Lesson 4a - Collision, Wind Shear & Wake Turbulence Avoidance</h1>
<h2>Lesson Objective</h2>
<p>The student will review scanning techniques. The student will learn of the hazards of wind shear; the student will learn the hazards of wake turbulence.</p>
<h2>Regulatory Requirement</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=389e6e836f725e72e90b07fe197b2326&rgn=div8&view=text&node=14:2.0.1.1.2.3.1.4&idno=14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">§61.87(i)(6)</a></li>
<li>Private Pilot <a href="https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_standards##Pilots" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Practical Test Standard</a> IV-G</li>
</ul>
<h2>Content</h2>
<ul>
<li>Wake Turbulence Generation, Strength, Behavior, Problem Areas and Avoidance</li>
<li>Wind Shear, definition and impact on aircraft performance (especially on final!)</li>
<li>Collision avoidance, see and be seen.</li>
<li>Review scanning techniques <a href="https://members.skylinesoaring.org/TRAINING/Syllabus/2b.shtml" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lesson 2b</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Completion Standards</h2>
<p>The student must be able to perform:</p>
<ul>
<li>Appropriate scanning techniques throughout every flight</li>
<li>Appropriate situational awareness of windshear and wake turbulence</li>
</ul>
<p>The student must be able to explain:</p>
<ul>
<li>Risk factors in midair collisions (especially as related to gliders)</li>
<li>Collision avoidance technology</li>
<li>the factors that create wake turbulence</li>
<li>the factors that create the strongest wake turbulence</li>
<li>how to avoid wake turbulence</li>
<li>what wind shear is, and how it relates to aircraft performance.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Prerequisite Study</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_90-48D.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Advisory Circular AC 90-48D</a> Pilots' Role in Collision Avoidance</li>
<li>Aeronautical Information Manual
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_1.html#$paragraph7-1-22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-1-22</span></a> Wind Shear PIREPS</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-1</span></a> Wake Turbulence -- General</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-2</span></a> Vortex Generation</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-3</span></a> Vortex Strength</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-4</span></a> Vortex Behavior</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-5</span></a> Operational Problem Areas</li>
<li><a href="https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_4.html#$paragraph7-4-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AIM 7-4-6</span></a> Vortex Avoidance Procedures</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Recommended Study</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.soaringsafety.org/presentations/FIRC-12/flight%20maneuvers 5606088723f0df" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flight Maneuvers</a>, Soaring Safety Foundation -- Describes the effect of wind and wind shear on a final approach.</li>
<li>Accident analysis of a wake-turbulence event (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXlv16ETueU&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>)</li>
<li>747 landing into fog, showing wingtip vorticies (<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZkggFzAtEc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>)</li>
<li>Need-to-know information on <a title="helicopter wake turbulence" href="https://mentorlive.site/program/65.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">helicopter wake turbulence</a> </li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
</table>
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