Lesson 2b - Attitude Flying/Scanning

Lesson Objective

During this lesson, the student will understand the need for proper scanning for aircraft, using attitude to judge and determine speed and bank.

Regulatory Requirement

• Pre-solo pilot: §61.87(i)(6)
• Private Pilot Test Candidate PTS, pages 5-7

Content

• Empty-field myopia
• peripheral vision
• narrow-field vision
• proper field scanning techniques
• pitch angle references
• bank angle references

Completion Standards

When complete, the student will:

• understand and explain proper scanning techniques
• understand and explain narrow-field versus peripheral vision.
• be able to explain the relationship between attitude and airspeed.
• be able to achieve and maintain airspeed primarily by reference to attitude.

Prerequisite Study

• Vision in Flight AIM section 8-1-6
• Judgment Aspects of Collision Avoidance AIM section 8-1-8
• Soaring Safety Foundation's FIRC presentation Collision Avoidance Procedures (PPT)
• AOPA's Safety Advisor Collision Avoidance Strategies

Also see

• Examples of empty-field myopia in video, (YouTube video) 
• Empty Field Myopia  (SKYbrary.aero) 
• XKCD #1080, Visual Field